Banned Books at Time.com
Some surprises in there including a couple of children's books.
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Some surprises in there including a couple of children's books.
Whenever I present on educational law I almost always run into questions about educational technology. I have even presented on that specific topic: Educational Law in Light of the Technological Revolution. So, it was no surprise last week when myself and some colleagues were presenting to a group of women administrators that a question came up on the law related to educational technology. What always strikes me, however, about the types of questions that administrators ask is how out-of-touch they really are. For instance, just this last week, the question revolved around teacher speech and the Internet, specifically blogs. While that is a good and relevant question that we did our best to answer, the administrators on hand were slow to acknowledge that teachers actually had blogs or MySpace pages. Umm, yes, they do. Not only that, but many administrators themselves have blogs.
So, not like this will reduce the number of questions, but I want to point my readers to four videos that will start to give you an idea of just how much the world is changing around us. It takes about 30 min. to watch them all, and I gave links to places where you can find more videos on the subject.
Did You Know 2.0
Web 2.0: The Machine is Us/ing Us.
A Vision of Students Today
2020 Vision
And that is just the beginning. There is a lot more video content available at the Moving Forward Wiki.
In what has to be some sort of land speed record, the Supreme Court has already published the Board of Education of the City School District of the City of New York v. Tom F. case.
Here is the full text of the opinion:
PER CURIAM.
The judgment is affirmed by an equally divided Court.
JUSTICE KENNEDY took no part in the decision of this case.
I will update with more analysis links and will provide my own analysis at a later date, so check back.
Sort of a shocking story out of Oregon yesterday:
Continue Reading.MEDFORD, Ore. - High school English teacher
Shirley Katz insists she needs to take her pistol to work because she
fears her ex-husband could show up and try to harm her. She’s also
worried about a Columbine-style attack.But
“This
Katz’s district has barred teachers from bringing guns to school, so
she is challenging the ban as unlawful, since Oregon is among states
that allow people with a permit to carry concealed weapons into public
buildings.
is primarily about my Second Amendment right and Oregon law and the
simple fact that I know it is my right to carry that gun,” said Katz,
44, ...
I almost don't even know where to begin with this. For one, she cites the Second Amendment in support of her claim. Really? After Garcetti, teachers in the employment of a public school barely have First Amendment rights! That is a pretty ridiculous argument. There are so many reasons why the government would have a compelling interest in limiting her Second Amendment right to bear arms that I am not even going to get into them all.
Next, if we say schools are a safe environment for kids (and we do), why is she worried about her ex-husband somehow breaking into the school and bullying her. What is that saying to the parents of the community? This school is so unsafe that I need my own personal weapon to protect me ... but please, continue sending your children.
Finally, I have to seriously question the fitness to teach of any individual who would want to bring a gun into school. What is the purpose of a gun in this situation if not to kill people? The gun she intends to carry is pictured and if she ever brought that to school, as a principal or superintendent I would immediately fire her.
As promised, here is a little more on the Oral Argument at
the Supreme Court in the case of Board of Education of the City of New York v.
Tom F.
Jim Gerl's Analysis at the Special Education Law Blog:
When the oral argument began,
Justice Kennedy left the Courtroom. Apparently he recused himself from the case
and will not take part in the decision. The most active questioners were
Justices Alito, Scalia and Chief Justice Roberts. Souter and Ginsburg asked a
few questions, and Bryer, Stevens only asked about one area each. Thomas said nothing,
although at one point he and Bryer had a very polite private conversation for
few moments. I was more surprised by their civility than anything.
The thrust of the questions from Alito, Scalia and Roberts to the school
district attorney concerned what purpose could be served by reading the statute
to mean that Congress meant to require that a student with a disability be kept
in an inappropriate placement for just a short period of time.
The questions that Alito, Scalia and Roberts asked of the parents' attorney and
the Solicitor General (who argued in favor of the parents' position) centered
on whether the language used by Congress was really ambiguous and whether the
intent of Congress was to keep "well-healed" parents who have no real
intention of putting their children in public school from obtaining
reimbursement.
Read More ...
Oral Argument Transcript: Here
Legal Podcast by Ruth
Colker a Professor at Ohio State. Audio.
Debra Cassins Weiss at
the ABA Journal thinks the court
is leaning to denying parents the tuition reimbursement as many wealthy parents
would send their child to private school anyway.
PBS Newshour Analysis by Marcia Coyle (Video & Audio
Available).
****
Also, Justice Kennedy recused himself from the oral arguments and the case.
Combined with a court official's heads up to an artist, this is spurring rumors
of an imminent departure from the bench. Here is the blurb in Legal Times.
Kennedy recused himself in the Tom
F. arguments, quietly slipping out of his chair and out of the courtroom in
the short lull between the two arguments. Justices very rarely give
explanations for recusal and the reason behind Kennedy's decision to recuse in
this case was not widely known. A Court official gave a friendly heads-up to an
artist starting a courtroom sketch before the justices took the bench, telling
her to be sure to draw Kennedy during the first hour of argument.
Couple of school related First Amendment notes to pass along.
First, the Supreme Court this week denied review of the Mayer v. Monroe County Community School Corporation Case. The Education Law and Policy Blog has more on the details of the case. I am sort of disappointed the Supreme Court denied this case. Following Garcetti v. Ceballos we really could use some more clarity on the free speech rights of teachers related to their employment. The Supreme Court passed on this opportunity, but let's hope they take another in the near future. There is sure to be plenty of cases emerging in the courts when a teacher can be fired for off-hand and everyday comments like "I honk for peace."
Second, Mitchell Rubinstein at the Adjunct Law Prof. Blog has the scoop on the E.D. of Missouri in the 8th Circuit upholding a school's ban on wearing items related to the Confederate Flag (B.W.A. v. Farmington R-7 School District). This is not the first court to hold this way, but it is significant that in the wake of Morse v. Frederick ... nothing really seems to have changed. But, perhaps something is changing. This interesting quote is how Mitchell ends the entry:
Recently, there seems to have been an increase in First Amendment
student rights litigation. A pattern seems to be emerging in the case
law, including the recent Morse v. Frederick decision, where courts are
essentially applying a balancing test-balancing the reduced First
Amendment rights of students against the need to prevent a disruption
and prevent disruption of vulgar material. This type of balancing test
is no different than in other areas of constitutional law. In fact, it
bears resemblance to the Pickering balance test in public sector First
Amendment employment cases without the public concern requirement.
However, I will agree with Mitchell on this point. Recent student First Amendment cases have been less explicit about how they passed through the series of steps than ones in the past have been. Recent cases, including Morse to a degree, have been simply jumping to the step in the multiple part test that is crucial to determining the outcome without providing a full explanation of how they arrived there. Typically, the author of the opinion briefly mentions the "trilogy" (now a quartet) of Supreme Court cases (even though Hazelwood and Tinker almost never apply to the same case) and then goes immediately to the issue of law he or she thinks is crucial to determining the outcome. Once a series of cases is written this way, it can quickly become a trend as Justices look to recent precedent not only for the law but also in how to write the opinion. Thus, the full scope of the student on-campus First Amendment multiple-part test is lost and it can appear to be something akin to a balancing of disruptions (that of the school and that of the First Amendment).
My daily reading brought me across another interesting article today related to education and economics. In George Will's Washington Post Editorial today, he has a profile of the young economist Austan Goolsbee who is both an economics professor at the University of Chicago and an advisor to the Sen. Barack Obama campaign for President. Other than being an interesting article about a young economist with a very bright future, it is relevant to this blog because of this:
In 1980, people with college degrees made on average 30 percent more
than those with only high school diplomas. That disparity has widened
to 70 percent. In the same year, the average earnings of people with
advanced degrees were 50 percent more than those with only high school
diplomas; today, it is more than 100 percent.The market is shouting "Stay in school!" and Goolsbee's conservative colleagues at Chicago
say a high tax rate on high earners is "a tax on going to college."
Conservatives say: Don't tax something unless you are willing to have
less of it. But Goolsbee says: Conservatives often exaggerate the
behavioral response to increased tax rates. The solution is to invest
more in education, which will raise wages, reduce inequality and move
toward equilibrium. The GI Bill was, he says, so prolific in
stimulating investment in "human capital" -- particularly, college
education -- that for a while the return on it went down relative to
high school.
Scott McLeod's recent post at Dangerously Irrelevant, which I linked to yesterday, got me wondering how people perceive the extent of searching going on in schools. So, I thought I would ask you ... what do you think?
Poll:
Great post today at Dangerously Irrelevant on what the Fourth Amendment should mean to school leaders. First, Scott lays out all the ways that we are or can be monitoring our school children's every move in schools. Then, he presents an interesting question of just how frequently do school administrators trample on the Fourth Amendment in the name of school safety? I, like Scott, believe it happens far too often and is something that educational law instructors need to focus on more heavily when teaching about search and seizure in preparation programs.
I came across this article and found it to be very
interesting. Carmel High School is now
testing students for alcohol use before games.
According to school authorities, there has not been an increase in
alcohol problems at the football games.
They are not testing students when they have a reasonable suspicion of
alcohol use, but instead they are testing all
students before entering the game because Carmel wants to utilize the
technology that is available to them. It
is possible that these breathalyzer tests abridge the students’ Fourth
Amendment rights and constitute an unreasonable search.
Here is a link to a Fox 59, Indianapolis story on the Carmel High School Breathalyzer testing. Link
Guestblogger: Jennifer M. Hesch, Associate Instructor & J.D. Candidate '08, Indiana University
The Supreme Court will hear oral arguments today in a special education case regarding public school tutition reimbursement for private school tuition in the case of Board of Education of the City of New York v. Tom F. As with many cases in special education, this one is somewhat complicated and relies heavily on the langugage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, particularly 20
U.S.C. § 1412(a)(10)(C)(ii). Basically, in question is whether or not a child must actually attend a public school placement (give it a try) before he or she is entitled to private school tutition reimbursement from the public school. The Second Circuit has already ruled in favor of the parent. School groups are claiming it would put an additional burden on already tight special education funds while advocacy groups are arguing the provision of such reimbursement is necessary to better serve special education students.
It should be an interesting case.
A full brief of the case is provided by the Legal Information Institute Bulliten (who did a very nice job and we appreciate the service).
And, my friend Jim Gerl at The Special Education Law Blog will be at the Supreme Court tomorrow and will have analysis afterward, so be sure to check his site.
Stumbled across this a couple of days ago and I just wanted to pass along the link. I am getting a lot of questions from school personnel lately regarding the reauthorization and what different groups are saying ... and, the Education Commission of the States and their top notch policy analyst Mary Fulton have put together a database on just that issue. So here are the links:
No Child Left Behind Reauthorization Database
And from the ECS Press Release:
According
to the ECS synthesis and analysis of 15 key education policy
stakeholders across 16 issues, the greatest collective agreement
emerged in the following areas:
- Allow growth models for calculating Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)
- Provide more flexibility for students with disabilities and English Language Learners (ELL)
- Provide adequate funding to support NCLB requirements
- Build state and local capacity to assist low-performing schools
- Offer high-quality professional development
- Target assistance and interventions to the highest-need schools and students
Really interesting read tonight about Saint Louis Public Schools and the longtime legal counsel they employed. You can read the full article here, but I wanted to pull out some of the more interesting quotes:
In the last four years alone, records show that the St. Louis Public
Schools have spent almost $11 million on legal services, a figure that
works out, on average, to $75 per student a year. Most of that went to
Brostron and his law firm. That per-student average is twice, or even 10 times, what legal fees cost taxpayers in school districts across the country.
As in many urban districts, the lawyers became the institutional memory
in a district that chewed up board members and administrators every
year, leaders and experts said.But that also caused controversy.
"The most powerful person sitting at the table is legal counsel," said
Robert Archibald, president of the Missouri Historical Society and a
former board member. "And that's probably not appropriate. No, not
probably — that's not appropriate."
This certainly raises an interesting question/issue about the institutional memory of school district lawyers. Part of me thinks keeping the institutional record is sort of what we pay them to do ... but the question of appropriateness is a legitimate one given they are not publically elected nor directly overseen by a school board. Which brings us to how Saint Louis Public Schools intend to address this issue...
Now Brostron's time is done. With little fanfare, the Special
Administrative Board overseeing the district replaced Lashly & Baer
last week with an in-house general counsel who will be paid a flat fee
of $100,000 a year to dispense day-to-day legal advice.
In December, even as the elected School Board bickered over the
prospect of state intervention, an advisory committee reviewed the
district's checkbook.The district, it said, had overspent by $96 million over five years and was at that point $30 million in the hole.
Legal fees can hardly be blamed for the deficit. Last year, Lashly
& Baer's bills didn't even represent 1 percent of the district's
$350 million budget.But they didn't help.
In three of the last four years, the district has blown its legal
services budget by several thousand dollars. Last year, the district
set aside $1.8 million for lawyers. It spent $2.8 million on legal fees.At the same time, the district bought just $236,000 worth of library books.
Sullivan hopes having a lawyer in-house will save the schools money.
Lashly & Baer billing statements show that district leaders called
the firm time and again for advice on meeting agendas, hiring
practices, filing paperwork, board officer elections and the effects of
pending legislation.When board members wanted advice, they called the firm. When board
business became contentious, members called Brostron. And if they just
wanted to sideline board business for awhile, they could refer it to
Lashly & Baer.For instance, in the winter of 2006, then-board president Veronica
O'Brien said, the elected school board was so deeply divided that she
contacted Brostron on nearly every issue."I talk to him all the time, 24 hours a day," O'Brien said then. "I use him for everything."
Over a three-day period in November, her name appears six times on the
billing statements, connected to more than $6,500 in charges, including
one listing for "multiple telephone conferences with Ms. O'Brien
regarding records."
Very interesting stuff there. Raises a lot of questions about schools and their lawyers that need further investigation.
Here is a link to Saint Louis Public Schools and their former Legal Counsel, Lashly and Baer.
If you are reading this blog, you probably already know that education
is a good investment because most readers have devoted their life to
education in some form or another. But, just in case you had any
remaining doubts, the nation's top economist has confirmed your
suspicions.
WhileEducation is the best investment not only for workers but also for the
economy in a time of continuing competitive strain, Federal Reserve
Chairman Ben Bernanke said Monday."Education lifelong education for everyone from toddlers to
workers well advanced in their careers is indeed an excellent
investment for individuals and society as a whole," said Bernanke. He
spent most of his professional life as a teacher and is married to one. ...Although the United States has long been a leader in expanding
educational opportunities, it also has long grappled with challenges
such as troubling high-school dropout rates, particularly for minority
and immigrant youths, as well as frustratingly slow and uneven progress
in raising test scores, he said.
The Adjunt Law Prof Blog has the scoop this morning on a 9th Circuit case which upheld the use of a strip search in K-12 schools. In the case of Redding v. Stafford Unified School Dist. out of Arizona, two students were subjected to a strip search after the principal of the school had a tips regarding some students bringing illegal prescription drugs on campus. The 9th Circuit went through the New Jersey v. T.L.O. criteria in determining that the strip search was both justified at its inception and was justified in scope under the reasonable suspicion standard.
After reading the case, I have to disagree with the majority in this case. I echo the dissenting thoughts of Justice Thomas:
I must respectfully part company from my friends in the
majority. As we have said “[i]t does not require a constitutional
scholar to conclude that a nude search of a thirteenyear-
old child is an invasion of constitutional rights of some
magnitude. More than that: it is a violation of any known
principle of human dignity.” Calabretta v. Floyd, 189 F.3d
808, 819 (9th Cir. 1999).Thirteen-year-old Savana Redding, an honor roll student
with no prior disciplinary problems, was required to strip,
exposing her breasts and pubic area, in a fruitless search for
— at worst — prescription strength ibuprofen. Savana had no
history of drug involvement of any type, nor was she alleged
to have any connection to illegal drug distribution. Rather,
school officials based their actions entirely on uncorroborated
statement by a student that Savana had given her a few ibuprofen
tablets. The school officials did not suspect that the
pills were something other than ibuprofen. The nurse recognized
the pill immediately as an ibuprofen tablet. At no point
did the school officials ask Savana’s mother to be present for
the search, nor did they permit Savana to call her mother or
any other relative during her two and a half hour detention.
School officials discovered nothing in the search. Given these
circumstances, I would hold that the unwarranted intrusion on
Savana’s privacy violated the Fourth Amendment.
I have been asked by many students lately about both the Jena case out of Louisiana and the Taser case out of Florida, so I decided to post a few videos about both of these incidents, which both related to education law. So much for the slow education law days of August.
First, on the Jena case:
Here is a video about the case generally by NBC:
Here is a more recent clip about the latest developments:
Second, a little video on the tasering incident at a John Kerry speech at the University of Florida:
First I suggest you watch either or both of these videos from news sites on the incident:
Then, if you desire, here is a full and uncut video of the incident (note: this video is graphic with some bad language and violence):
I just got back from a lecture by Dr. John Jackson, the current President of the Schott Foundation for Public Education. The speech was sponsored by the Center for Evaluation and Education Policy, so thanks to them.
Just a few reflections to share:
Well, the hearings on NCLB Reauthorization have begun. You can the watch the initial House Committee Hearing online here.
Also, the NY Times documents the various groups that have already spoken up in opposition to various parts of the law, which the School and Education Law Blog noted earlier.
And, finally, not to increase the pressure, but I created a NCLB Expiration Countdown which I posted in the sidebar. We are already closer to expiration than I thought.
My blog host has decided that they need to have Podcasting capability, which is fine with me, however they decided to stop supporting some designs during this change over. Unfortunately, the design I was using was one of the ones that got cut (and I know you all loved it so). Anyway, over the next couple of days the site will undergo various changes mostly to the design. During this time, you should still be able to read posts and search.
After this upgrade is complete, I am really anxious to introduce some new features I have been working on. Just a hint, some involve widgets! (No seriously, there is such a thing as widgets on the Internet, they are not just fictional products in law schools). There will also be some more basic information about the authors and a blogroll (finally).
Anyway, thank you in advance for your patience as we transition.
-- Justin
Gabcast! Edjurist Podcasts #0
This is one of the odder search and seizure cases I have
seen. The case comes from Illinois. Apparently, a school Dean was looking for
evidence from a previous incident at school. To obtain this evidence, the Dean
had one of his students take him to the student's house and let him in. While
the student's mother was in the shower, the Dean found the knife he was looking
for, took it, and left. All without notifying the student's mother. Here is the
Sun-Times account of the facts:
He was looking for a knife Tyler
D'Allesandro, then 12, said he had inadvertently taken to school in 2006. Tyler
said he doesn't know how the knife from his father's workshop got into his
school bag.But the Indian Trail Junior High
student noticed it there and pointed it out to his friend. The friend took it,
and then a third boy, whom Tyler did not know, grabbed it and brandished it
toward other students "in a menacing manner," according to a federal
lawsuit the family filed.Tyler's friend put the knife back in
the school bag. Tyler went home thinking the incident was over. That was on
Friday, Sept. 22, of last year.But on the following Monday morning,
a parent complained to the school's dean, Michael Brumbaugh. According to the
lawsuit, Brumbaugh drove Tyler home and told Tyler to let him in. Tyler's
mother, Kelly D'Allesandro, was inside taking a shower, and Brumbaugh knew
that, the suit said.
Continued: Here is the URL of the Sun Times Story (sorry, hyperlinking to this
article did not work, copy and paste): http://www.suntimes.com/news/education/548369,CST-NWS-knife09.article
What an odd search on the part of the school Dean. Even with the student's
permission, entering the student's home (even if no one was home) seems clearly
out of line (so much so, I would imagine immunity would be out of the question,
as may indemnity). I know we have zero-tolerance policies against knifes, but
this is over the line. If he wanted that knife that badly, how about calling
the cops and getting a warrant? Or, here is a radical idea, how about calling
the student's parents first and asking them?